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Abstract
In this section we expand acronyms, define terms, and generally try to explain concepts used by Evergreen software.
Open-source web server software used to serve both static content and dynamic web pages in a secure and reliable way. More information is available at http://apache.org.
Bookbags are lists of items that can be used for any number of purposes. For example, to keep track of what books you have read, books you would like to read, to maintain a class reading list, to maintain a reading list for a book club, to keep a list of books you would like for your birthday. There are an unlimited number of uses.
A popular open-source operating system based on Red Hat
Enterprises Linux
(also known as "RHEL") and often used for in web servers. More
information is available at
http://www.centos.org.
A suite of open-source tools used to build web applications with Javascript; originally developed by Google. It is used to create special builds of the Evergreen Staff Client. More information is available at http://code.google.com/closure/compiler/.
An open-source archive of software modules written in Perl. More information is available at http://www.cpan.org.
See Also Perl.
One of the most popular open-source operating system based on the
Linux kernel that provides
over 25000 useful precompiled software packages. Also known as
Debian GNU/Linux. More
information is available at
http://www.debian.org.
A unique set of case-insensitive, alphanumeric strings
separated by periods that are used to name organizations, web sites
and addresses on the Internet (e.g.:
www.esilibrary.com). Domain names can be reserved via
third-party registration services, and can be associated with a
unique IP address or suite of IP addresses.
See Also IP Address.
An open-source Jabber/XMPP instant messaging server that is
used for client-server message passing within Evergreen. It runs
under popular operating systems (e.g.,
Mac OSX,
GNU/Linux, and
Microsoft Windows). One
popular use is to provide XMPP messaging
services for a Jabber domain across an
extendable cluster of cheap, easily-replaced machine nodes. More
information is available at
http://www.ejabberd.im.
A popular open-source operating system based on the
Linux kernel.
More information is available at
http://fedoraproject.org/.
A popular open-source operating system built on the
Linux kernel. More
information is available at
http://www.gentoo.org.
(Internet Protocol address) A numerical label consisting of four numbers separated by periods (e.g., "192.168.1.15") assigned to individual members of networked computing systems. It uniquely identifies each system on the network and allows controlled communication between such systems. The numerical label scheme must adhere to a strictly defined naming convention that is currently defined and overseen by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ("ICANN").
Virtual “containers” to use in batch processing of item or copy records. They can be used to perform various cataloging/holdings maintenance tasks in batch.
The MARC formats are standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form.
Framework for working with MARC data in a XML environment.
An open-source application that allows add-on authors to provide secure updates to their users. It is used to create special builds of the Evergreen Staff Client. More information is available at http://developer.mozilla.org/en/McCoy.
A general-purpose distributed memory caching system, usually with a client-server architecture spread over multiple computing systems. It reduces the number of times a data source (e.g., a database) must be directly accessed by temporarily caching data in memory, therefore dramatically speeding up database-driven web applications.
Also known as an IP address (Internet Protocol address).
See Also IP Address.
An open-source software tool used to create Windows installers. It is used to create special builds of the Evergreen Staff Client. More information is available at http://nsis.sourceforge.net.
The "Online Public Access Catalog"; an online database of a library's holdings; used to find resources in their collections; possibly searchable by keyword, title, author, subject or call number.
The "Open Scalable Request Framework" (pronounced 'open surf') is a stateful, decentralized service architecture that allows developers to create applications for Evergreen with a minimum of knowledge of its structure.
The high-level scripting language in which most of the business logic of Evergreen is written.
See Also CPAN.
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) describes the schemes needed to generate and maintain digital SSL Certificates.
See Also SSL Certificate.
A popular open-source object-relational database management system that underpins Evergreen software.
A popular open-source telnet/ssh client for the Windows and Unix platforms. As used in Evergreen, a handy utility used to create an SSH Tunnel for connecting Staff Clients to Evergreen servers over insecure networks. More information is available at http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/.
See Also SSH tunnel.
An open-source utility used to view, modify, rename, add, delete and extract resources in 32bit Windows executables. It is used to create special builds of the Evergreen Staff Client. More information is available at Resource Hacker
Also known as "Red Hat Enterprises
Linux". An official
Linux distribution that is
targeted at the commercial market. It is the basis of other popular
Linux distributions, e.g.,
CentOS. More information is
available at
http://www.redhat.com.
SIP (Standard Interchange Protocol) is a communications protocol used within Evergreen for transferring data to and from other third party devices, such as RFID and barcode scanners that handle patron and library material information. Version 2.0 (also known as "SIP2") is the current standard. It was originally developed by the 3M Corporation.
A command language interpreter (shell) that executes commands read from the standard input. It is used to test the Open Service Request Framework (OpenSRF).
SRU (Search & Retrieve URL Service) is a search protocol used in web search and retrieval. It expresses queries in Contextual Query Language (CQL) and transmits them as a URL, returning XML data as if it were a web page.
See Also SRW.
SRW (Search & Retrieve Web Service), also known as "SRU via HTTP SOAP", is a search protocol used in web search and retrieval. It uses a SOAP interface and expresses both the query and result as XML data streams.
See Also SRU.
An encrypted network protocol using public-key cryptography that allows secure communications between systems on an insecure network. Typically used to access shell accounts but also supports tunneling, forwarding TCP ports and X11 connections, and transferring files.
As used in Evergreen, a method of allowing one or more Staff Clients to communicate with one or more Evergreen servers over an insecure network by sending data through a secure SSH tunnel. It also buffers and caches all data travelling to and from Staff Clients to speed up access to resources on Evergreen servers.
See Also SSH, tunneling, SSH tunnel.
An encrypted data channel existing over an SSH network connection. Used to securely transfer unencrypted data streams over insecure networks.
As used in Evergreen, it is a method of ensuring that Staff Clients are able to connect to legitimate Evergreen servers.
In general, it is a special electronic document used to guarantee authenticity of a digital message. Also known as a "public key", or "identity" or "digital" certificate. It combines an identity (of a person or an organization) and a unique public key to form a so-called digital signature, and is used to verify that the public key does, in fact, belong with that particular identity.
See Also PKI.
A popular commercial utility used to catalog, search and manage the contents of media such as CDs and DVDs.
See Also PKI.
As used in Evergreen, it is a method of allowing Staff Clients to securely connect to legitimate Evergreen servers.
In general, it is a method of encapsulating data provided in one network protocol (the "delivery"protocol), within data in a different network protocol (the "tunneling" protocol). Used to provide a secure path and secure communications through an insecure or incompatible network. Can be used to bypass firewalls by communicating via a protocol the firewall normally blocks, but "wrapped" inside a protocol that the firewall does not block.
See Also SSH tunnel.
A popular open-source operating system based on the
Linux kernel that was
originally based on the
Debian GNU/Linux
operating system. More information is available at
http://www.ubuntu.com.
A popular commercial package of virtualization software that
emulates the x86 microprocessor architecture. It is installed on a
Windows "host" operating system and allows other "guest" (typically
including Linux and
Windows) operating systems
to be loaded and executed.
See Also Virtualization.
A popular commercial package of virtualization software that
emulates the x86 microprocessor architecture. It can be installed on
Linux,
Mac OS X,
Windows or
Solaris "host" operating
systems and allows other "guest" (typically including
Linux and
Windows) operating systems
to be loaded and executed.
See Also Virtualization.
A method of executing software in a special environment that
is partitioned or separated from the real underlying hardware and
software resources. In typical usage, it allows a
host operating system to encapsulate or emulate
a guest operating system environment in such a
way that the emulated environment is completely unaware of the
hosting environment. As used in Evergreen, it enables a copy of the
Linux operating system
running Evergreen software to execute within a
Windows environment.
See Also VirtualBox, Virtual PC, VMware.
A popular commercial package of virtualization software that
emulates the x86 microprocessor architecture. It can be installed on
Linux,
Mac OS X,
Windows or
Solaris "host" operating systems
and allows other "guest" (typically including
Linux and
Windows) operating systems
to be loaded and executed.
See Also Virtualization.
Virtual “containers” to use in batch processing of multiple volumes. They can be used to perform various cataloging/holdings maintenance tasks in batch.
A popular open-source application that allows
Linux and
Unix
systems to run Windows
executables. More information is available at
http://www.winehq.org/.
The eXtensible Markup Language, a subset of SGML; a set of rules for encoding information in a way that is both human- and machine-readable. It is primarily used to define documents but can also be used to define arbitrary data structures. It was originally defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
The open-standard communications protocol (based on XML) used for client-server message passing within Evergreen. It supports the concept of a consistent domain of message types that flow between software applications, possibly on different operating systems and architectures. More information is available at http://xmpp.org.
The XML Path Language, a query language based on a tree representation of an XML document. It is used to programmatically select nodes from an XML document and to do minor computation involving strings, numbers and Boolean values. It allows you to identify parts of the XML document tree, to navigate around the tree, and to uniquely select nodes. The currently version is "XPath 2.0". It was originally defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
The XML User Interface Language, a specialized interface language that allows building cross-platform applications that drive Mozilla-based browsers such as Firefox. More information is available at https://developer.mozilla.org/en/XUL.
A specialized run-time application environment that provides support for installing, upgrading and uninstalling XUL applications. It operates with Mozilla-based applications such as the Firefox browser. More information is available at https://developer.mozilla.org/en/XULRunner.
See Also XUL.
A programmers’ toolkit supporting the development of Z39.50 / SRW / SRU clients and servers.
A Z39.50/SRU client for connecting to YAZ servers. More information is available at http://www.indexdata.com/yaz/doc/yaz-client.html
See Also SRU.
An international standard client–server protocol for communication between computer systems, primarily library and information related systems.
See Also SRU.